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Compare Ecuador (2002) - Cape Verde (2002)

Compare Ecuador (2002) z Cape Verde (2002)

 Ecuador (2002)Cape Verde (2002)
 EcuadorCape Verde
Administrative divisions 22 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe 17 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Calheta, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Nicolau, Sao Filipe, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal
Age structure 0-14 years: 35.4% (male 2,415,764; female 2,337,095)


15-64 years: 60.2% (male 4,007,495; female 4,090,957)


65 years and over: 4.4% (male 276,482; female 319,701) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 41.9% (male 86,466; female 84,918)


15-64 years: 51.5% (male 100,684; female 109,841)


65 years and over: 6.6% (male 10,363; female 16,488) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca), plantains, sugarcane; cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products; balsa wood; fish, shrimp bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish
Airports 205 (2001) 9


note: 3 airports are reported to be nonoperational (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 61


over 3,047 m: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 18


914 to 1,523 m: 18


under 914 m: 18 (2002)
total: 6 3


over 3,047 m: 1 1


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 144


914 to 1,523 m: 31


under 914 m: 113 (2002)
total: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2002)
Area total: 283,560 sq km


land: 276,840 sq km


water: 6,720 sq km


note: includes Galapagos Islands
total: 4,033 sq km


land: 4,033 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Nevada slightly larger than Rhode Island
Background The "Republic of the Equator" was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Colombia and Venezuela). Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors. A border war with Peru that flared in 1995 was resolved in 1999. The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; they subsequently became a trading center for African slaves and later an important coaling and resupply stop for whaling and transatlantic shipping. Most Cape Verdeans have both African and Portuguese antecedents. Independence was achieved in 1975.
Birth rate 25.47 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 27.81 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $5.6 billion


expenditures: planned $5.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
revenues: $112 million


expenditures: $198 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000)
Capital Quito Praia
Climate tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic
Coastline 2,237 km 965 km
Constitution 10 August 1998 new constitution came into force 25 September 1992; underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially increasing the powers of the president, and a further revision in 1999, to create the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Ecuador


conventional short form: Ecuador


local long form: Republica del Ecuador


local short form: Ecuador
conventional long form: Republic of Cape Verde


conventional short form: Cape Verde


local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde


local short form: Cabo Verde
Currency US dollar (USD) Cape Verdean escudo (CVE)
Death rate 5.36 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 7.01 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $14 billion (2001) (2001) $301 million (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Kristie Anne KENNEY


embassy: Avenida 12 de Octubre y Avenida Patria, Quito


mailing address: APO AA 34039


telephone: [593] (2) 256-2890


FAX: [593] (2) 250-2052


consulate(s) general: Guayaquil
chief of mission: Ambassador Donald C. JOHNSON


embassy: Rua Abilio m. Macedo 81, Praia


mailing address: C. P. 201, Praia


telephone: [238] 61 56 16, 61 56 17


FAX: [238] 61 13 55
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Ivonne A-BAKI


chancery: 2535 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009


telephone: [1] (202) 234-7200


FAX: [1] (202) 667-3482


consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Newark, Philadelphia, and San Francisco
chief of mission: Ambassador Jose BRITO


chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007


telephone: [1] (202) 965-6820


FAX: [1] (202) 965-1207


consulate(s) general: Boston
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $120 million (2001) (2001) $136 million (1999)
Economy - overview Ecuador has substantial oil resources and rich agricultural areas. Because the country exports primary products such as oil, bananas, and shrimp, fluctuations in world market prices can have a substantial domestic impact. Ecuador joined the World Trade Organization in 1996, but has failed to comply with many of its accession commitments. The aftermath of El Nino and depressed oil market of 1997-98 drove Ecuador's economy into a free-fall in 1999. The beginning of 1999 saw the banking sector collapse, which helped precipitate an unprecedented default on external loans later that year. Continued economic instability drove a 70% depreciation of the currency throughout 1999, which forced a desperate government to "dollarize" the currency regime in 2000. The move stabilized the currency, but did not stave off the ouster of the government. Gustavo NOBOA, who assumed the presidency in January 2000, has managed to pass substantial economic reforms and mend relations with international financial institutions. Ecuador completed its first standby agreement since 1986 when the IMF Board approved a 10 December 2001 disbursement of $96 million, the final installment of a $300 million standby credit agreement. Cape Verde suffers from a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought. The economy is service-oriented, with commerce, transport, and public services accounting for 70% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of agriculture in GDP in 2001 was only 11%, of which fishing accounts for 1.5%. About 82% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by foreign aid and remittances from emigrants; remittances supplement GDP by more than 20%. Economic reforms, launched by the new democratic government in 1991, are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Prospects for 2002 depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program.
Electricity - consumption 9.667 billion kWh (2000) 38.13 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 10.395 billion kWh (2000) 41 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 25%


hydro: 75%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Chimborazo 6,267 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mt. Fogo 2,829 m (a volcano on Fogo Island)
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in ecologically sensitive areas of the Galapagos Islands soil erosion; demand for wood used as fuel has resulted in deforestation; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several species of birds and reptiles; illegal beach sand extraction; overfishing
Environment - international agreements party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Amerindian 25%, Spanish and others 7%, black 3% Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%
Exchange rates sucres per US dollar - 25,000.0 (January 2002), 25,000.0 (2001), 24,988.4 (2000), 11,786.8 (1999), 5,446.6 (1998), 3,988.3 (1997)


note: on 13 March 2000, the National Congress approved a new exchange system whereby the US dollar was adopted as the main legal tender in Ecuador for all purposes; on 20 March 2000, the Central Bank of Ecuador started to exchange sucres for US dollars at a fixed rate of 25,000 sucres per US dollar; since 30 April 2000, all transactions are denominated in US dollars
Cape Verdean escudos per US dollar - 123.556 (January 2002), 115.877 (2000), 102.700 (1999), 98.158 (1998), 93.177 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state: President Lucio GUTIERREZ (since 15 January 2003); Vice President Alfredo PALACIO (since 15 January 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Lucio GUTIERREZ (since 15 January 2003); Vice President Alfredo PALACIO (since 15 January 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president


elections: the president and vice president are elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year term (no reelection); election last held 20 October 2002; runoff election held 24 November 2002 (next to be held NA October 2006)


election results: results of the 24 November 2002 runoff election - Lucio GUTIERREZ elected president; percent of vote - Lucio GUTIERREZ 54.3%; Alvaro NOBOA 45.7%
chief of state: President Pedro PIRES (since 22 March 2001)


head of government: Prime Minister Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (since 1 February 2001)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 11 and 25 February 2001 (next to be held NA February 2006); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president


election results: Pedro PIRES elected president; percent of vote - Pedro PIRES (PAICV) 49.43%, Carlos VIEGA (MPD) 49.42%; note - the election was won by only twelve votes
Exports $4.8 billion (2001 est.) $27.3 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities petroleum, bananas, shrimp, coffee, cocoa, cut flowers, fish fuel, shoes, garments, fish, hides
Exports - partners US 38%, Peru 6%, Chile 5%, Colombia 5%, Italy 3% (2000) Portugal 45%, UK 20%, Germany 20%, Guinea-Bissau 5% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag; similar to the flag of Colombia which is shorter and does not bear a coat of arms three horizontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horizontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands
GDP purchasing power parity - $39.6 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $600 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 11%


industry: 25%


services: 64% (2000 est.)
agriculture: 11%


industry: 17%


services: 72% (2001)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,000 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.3% (2001 est.) 3% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 2 00 S, 77 30 W 16 00 N, 24 00 W
Geography - note Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site
Heliports 1 (2002) -
Highways total: 43,197 km


paved: 8,165 km


unpaved: 35,032 km (2001)
total: 1,100 km


paved: 858 km


unpaved: 242 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2%


highest 10%: 34% (1995) (1995)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs significant transit country for cocaine originating in Colombia and Peru; importer of precursor chemicals used in production of illicit narcotics; dollarization may raise the volume of money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia; increased activity on the northern frontier by trafficking groups and Colombian insurgents used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Asia destined for Western Europe; the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Imports $4.8 billion (2001 est.) $218 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, chemicals, raw materials, fuels; consumer goods foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels
Imports - partners US 25%, Colombia 13%, Japan 8%, Venezuela 8%, Brazil 4% (2000) Portugal 52%, Germany 7%, France 4%, UK 3% (1999)
Independence 24 May 1822 (from Spain) 5 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Industrial production growth rate 5.1% (2001 est.) NA%
Industries petroleum, food processing, textiles, metal work, paper products, wood products, chemicals, plastics, fishing, lumber food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair
Infant mortality rate 33.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 51.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 22% (2001 est.) 3% (2001)
International organization participation CAN, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 31 (2001) 1 (2002)
Irrigated land 8,650 sq km (1998 est.) 30 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (new justices are elected by the full Supreme Court) Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia
Labor force 3.7 million (urban) NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 30%, industry 25%, services 45% (2001 est.) -
Land boundaries total: 2,010 km


border countries: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 5.69%


permanent crops: 5.15%


other: 89.16% (1998 est.)
arable land: 9.68%


permanent crops: 0.5%


other: 89.82% (1998 est.)
Languages Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua) Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words)
Legal system based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction derived from the legal system of Portugal
Legislative branch unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (123 seats; 20 members are popularly elected at-large nationally to serve four-year terms; 103 members are popularly elected by province to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 31 May 1998 (next to be held 20 October 2002)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - DP 32, PSC 27, PRE 24, ID 18, P-NP 9, FRA 5, PCE 3, MPD 2, CFP 1; note - defections by members of National Congress are commonplace, resulting in frequent changes in the numbers of seats held by the various parties
unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA December 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - PAICV 47.3%, MPD 39.8%, ADM 6%, other 6.9%; seats by party - PAICV 40, MPD 30, ADM 2
Life expectancy at birth total population: 71.61 years


male: 68.79 years


female: 74.57 years (2002 est.)
total population: 69.52 years


male: 66.23 years


female: 72.91 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 90.1%


male: 92%


female: 88.2% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 71.6%


male: 81.4%


female: 63.8% (1995 est.)
Location Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal
Map references South America Political Map of the World
Maritime claims continental shelf: claims continental shelf between mainland and Galapagos Islands


territorial sea: 200 NM
measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


contiguous zone: 24 NM


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total: 33 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 239,876 GRT/393,680 DWT


ships by type: cargo 2, chemical tanker 3, liquefied gas 1, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 23, specialized tanker 1


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Chile 1, Greece 1 (2002 est.)
total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,395 GRT/6,614 DWT


ships by type: cargo 3, chemical tanker 1


note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: United Kingdom 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy (including Marines), Air Force, National Police Army, Coast Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure $720 million (FY98) $9.3 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3.4% (FY98) 1.6% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 3,468,678 (2002 est.) males age 15-49: 92,486 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 2,337,944 (2002 est.) males age 15-49: 52,215 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age 20 years of age (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 132,978 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day (independence of Quito), 10 August (1809) Independence Day, 5 July (1975)
Nationality noun: Ecuadorian(s)


adjective: Ecuadorian
noun: Cape Verdean(s)


adjective: Cape Verdean
Natural hazards frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active
Natural resources petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish
Net migration rate -0.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -12.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 800 km; petroleum products 1,358 km -
Political parties and leaders Concentration of Popular Forces or CFP [Averroes BUCARAM]; Democratic Left or ID [Rodrigo BORJA Cevallos]; Ecuadorian Conservative Party or PCE [Jacinto JIJON Y CAMANO]; Independent National Movement or MIN [Eliseo AZUERO]; Pachakutik-New Country or P-NP [Miguel LLUCO]; Popular Democracy or DP [Dr. Juan Manuel FUERTES]; Popular Democratic Movement or MPD [Gustavo TERAN Acosta]; Radical Alfarista Front or FRA [Fabian ALARCON, director]; Roldosist Party or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Pascual DEL CIOPPO] African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria Pereira NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Change or ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID); Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES, chairman]; Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Jacinto SANTOS, president]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Agostinho LOPES, president]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO, president]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Anibal MEDINA, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM, president]
Political pressure groups and leaders Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador or CONAIE [Leonidas IZA, president]; Coordinator of Social Movements or CMS [F. Napoleon SANTOS]; Federation of Indigenous Evangelists of Ecuador or FEINE [Marco MURILLO, president]; National Federation of Indigenous Afro-Ecuatorianos and Peasants or FENOCIN [Pedro DE LA CRUZ, president]; Popular Front or FP [Luis VILLACIS] NA
Population 13,447,494 (July 2002 est.) 408,760 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 70% (2001 est.) 30% (2000)
Population growth rate 1.96% (2002 est.) 0.85% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, La Libertad, Manta, Puerto Bolivar, San Lorenzo Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal
Radio broadcast stations AM 392, FM 35, shortwave 29 (2001) AM 0, FM 15 (and 17 repeaters), shortwave 0 (2002)
Radios 5 million (2001) 100,000 (2002 est.)
Railways total: 965 km


narrow gauge: 965 km 1.067-m gauge (2000 est.)
0 km
Religions Roman Catholic 95% Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs); Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female


total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal, compulsory for literate persons ages 18-65, optional for other eligible voters 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: generally elementary but being expanded


domestic: facilities generally inadequate and unreliable


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: effective system, being improved


domestic: interisland microwave radio relay system with both analog and digital exchanges; work is in progress on a submarine fiber-optic cable system which is scheduled for completion in 2003


international: 2 coaxial submarine cables; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 1,115,272 (1999) 60,935 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 384,000 (1999) 28,119 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 7 (plus 14 repeaters) (2001) 1 (and 7 repeaters) (2002)
Terrain coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente) steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic
Total fertility rate 3.05 children born/woman (2002 est.) 3.91 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 14%; note - widespread underemployment (2001 est.) 21% (2000 est.)
Waterways 1,500 km none
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